Tessa Coffeng wrote the dissertation ‘Bias in supervision : A social psychological perspective on regulatory decision-making‘ that is open access available: version via Utrecht University Repository.

It is to be hoped that the findings will not only lead to DNB and AFM encouraging the obliged entities (e.g. banks) being more successful in detecting crime (‘combating money laundering’). In practice, the actions of the government supervisors like DNB and AFM also lead to adverse effects for obliged entities and their clients, such as high costs, de-risking, discrimination and exclusion; hopefully the supervisors will learn to be aware of this and prevent it.